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+# Home Assistant Green Smart UPS Monitor
+
+## Overview
+This project provides a DIY Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) with smart monitoring for a Home Assistant Green (HAG) hub. It leverages an ESP32-H2 microcontroller utilizing the Thread protocol to relay mains power status and battery levels back to Home Assistant. 
+
+By using the "Hardware Cutoff" configuration, the system avoids the need for relays. It strictly relies on the HW-465C UPS module's internal low-voltage cutoff to power down the HAG, allowing the HAG to automatically reboot when grid power restores the 12V rail.
+
+## Core Components
+*   **Home Assistant Green:** The main smart home hub (Load).
+*   **ESP32-H2 Super Mini:** Acts as the Thread end-device sensor node.
+*   **SLZB-MR5U:** Serves as the OpenThread Border Router (OTBR) connecting the Thread network to Home Assistant.
+*   **HW-465C UPS Module:** 12V Step-up boost converter and battery charger.
+*   **2x 18650 Battery Cells:** Wired in parallel (1S2P).
+*   **MAX17043 I2C Fuel Gauge:** Monitors 1S battery state of charge (SoC).
+*   **EL817 Optocoupler:** Detects mains 5V presence safely.
+*   **Mini360 Buck Converter:** Steps down the 12V output to 5.0V for the ESP32.
+
+## Implementation & Wiring
+The ESP32-H2 is powered via the Mini360 buck converter from the 12V output. This guarantees that when the HW-465C battery protection trips (~2.5V), the ESP32 cleanly loses power alongside the HA Green, preventing deep-discharge battery damage.
+
+### Power Path Connections
+1.  **5V Wall Charger** -> Connects to `IN+` / `IN-` on HW-465C.
+2.  **18650 Parallel Pack** -> Connects to `B+` / `B-` on HW-465C.
+3.  **HW-465C 12V Output** -> Splits to HA Green Barrel Jack **and** Mini360 `IN+` / `IN-`.
+4.  **Mini360 5.0V Output** -> Connects to ESP32-H2 `5V` and `GND` pins.
+
+### ESP32-H2 Super Mini Pinout Map
+| Component | ESP32-H2 Pin | Description |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| **Mini360 (5V Power)** | `5V` & `GND` | Main power input for ESP32. |
+| **MAX17043 (Fuel Gauge)** | `3V3` & `GND` | Power out to MAX17043 module. |
+| **MAX17043 (I2C SDA)** | `GPIO 10` | I2C Data Line. |
+| **MAX17043 (I2C SCL)** | `GPIO 11` | I2C Clock Line. |
+| **EL817 (Outage Sensor)** | `GPIO 4` | Pull-up input for mains detection. Emitter connects to `GND`. |
+
+### Sensor Detection Logic (EL817)
+*   **Input Side:** 5V Mains (Before UPS) -> 330Ω Resistor -> EL817 Anode (Pin 1). Cathode (Pin 2) -> Mains GND.
+*   **Output Side:** EL817 Collector (Pin 4) -> ESP32 GPIO 4. EL817 Emitter (Pin 3) -> ESP32 GND. 
+*   **Logic:** When 5V mains is active, the optocoupler pulls GPIO 4 to GND (LOW). ESPHome inverts this so `LOW` = `ON` (Mains present).
+
+## Network & Controls
+*   **Thread Protocol:** The ESP32 is configured in ESPHome using the `openthread` component. 
+*   **End-Device Mode:** The `device_type` is set to `MTD` (Minimal Thread Device). This explicitly disables the router/repeater functionality, ensuring the module operates efficiently as an end-device node routing through the SLZB-MR5U.
+*   **Auto-Boot Operation:** Because there is no active software shutdown command sent to Home Assistant, the HA Green stays active until the battery triggers the physical HW-465C shutoff. Once mains voltage returns, the 12V rail steps up from 0V to 12V, initiating an automatic cold boot of the Home Assistant Green.
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+esphome:␍  name: hag-ups-monitor␍␍esp32:␍  board: esp32-h2-devkitm-1␍  variant: esp32h2␍  framework:␍    type: esp-idf␍␍network:␍  enable_ipv6: true␍␍# Thread configuration utilizing the SLZB-MR5U as the Border Router␍openthread:␍  # MTD (Minimal Thread Device) disables the router/repeater role ␍  # to optimize the device for a battery-powered topology.␍  device_type: MTD ␍␍i2c:␍  sda: GPIO10␍  scl: GPIO11␍  scan: true␍␍sensor:␍  - platform: max17043␍    address: 0x36␍    battery_level:␍      name: "UPS Battery Level"␍      id: ups_battery_level␍      icon: "mdi:battery"␍    voltage:␍      name: "UPS Battery Voltage"␍      id: ups_battery_voltage␍      icon: "mdi:battery-high"␍    update_interval: 30s␍␍binary_sensor:␍  - platform: gpio␍    pin:␍      number: GPIO4␍      mode:␍        input: true␍        pullup: true␍      inverted: true␍    name: "Mains Power Status"␍    id: mains_power_status␍    device_class: plug␍    icon: "mdi:power-plug"
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				esphome:␍ name: hag-ups-monitor␍␍esp32:␍ board: esp32-h2-devkitm-1␍ variant: esp32h2␍ framework:␍ type: esp-idf␍␍network:␍ enable_ipv6: true␍␍# Thread configuration utilizing the SLZB-MR5U as the Border Router␍openthread:␍ # MTD (Minimal Thread Device) disables the router/repeater role ␍ # to optimize the device for a battery-powered topology.␍ device_type: MTD ␍␍i2c:␍ sda: GPIO10␍ scl: GPIO11␍ scan: true␍␍sensor:␍ - platform: max17043␍ address: 0x36␍ battery_level:␍ name: "UPS Battery Level"␍ id: ups_battery_level␍ icon: "mdi:battery"␍ voltage:␍ name: "UPS Battery Voltage"␍ id: ups_battery_voltage␍ icon: "mdi:battery-high"␍ update_interval: 30s␍␍binary_sensor:␍ - platform: gpio␍ pin:␍ number: GPIO4␍ mode:␍ input: true␍ pullup: true␍ inverted: true␍ name: "Mains Power Status"␍ id: mains_power_status␍ device_class: plug␍ icon: "mdi:power-plug"